- Posted by Kris Vandermotten on December 29, 2009
A few weeks ago, I talked about static reflection and its advantages. You’ll remember that the main advantages, compared to the normal reflection API’s, are the compile time checking of parameters and IntelliSense support.
How does it compare at other levels, performance for example? Before we dive into that question, let me state that performance may or may not be important to you. A program that is fast enough is, well, fast enough. It’s unlikely that a (single) reflection call will have a significant impact on, say, the response time of a graphical user interface, and so performance doesn’t matter. If you’re algorithm requires millions of reflection operations, I’m sure you can rewrite it somehow to reduce that number significantly, and then performance again probably doesn’t matter anymore. That being said, we still want to know, right?
First of all, let’s compare code.
Take this line (using the Example class from the last post):
PropertyInfo pi = typeof(Example).GetProperty("Description");
This line compiles to the following IL (simplified for readability):
ldtoken Example
call class Type Type::GetTypeFromHandle(valuetype RuntimeTypeHandle)
ldstr "Description"
call instance class PropertyInfo Type::GetProperty(string)
Compare that to the following line:
PropertyInfo pi = StaticReflector.Create<Example>().PropertyInfo(e => e.Description);
Which compiles to:
call class IStaticReflector`1<!!0> StaticReflector::Create<class Example>()
ldtoken Example
call class Type Type::GetTypeFromHandle(valuetype RuntimeTypeHandle)
ldstr "e"
call class ParameterExpression Expression::Parameter(class Type, string)
stloc.0
ldloc.0
ldtoken instance string Example::get_Description()
call class MethodBase MethodBase::GetMethodFromHandle(valuetype RuntimeMethodHandle)
castclass MethodInfo
call class MemberExpression Expression::Property(class Expression, class MethodInfo)
ldc.i4.1
newarr ParameterExpression
stloc.1
ldloc.1
ldc.i4.0
ldloc.0
stelem.ref
ldloc.1
call class Expression`1<!!0> Expression::Lambda<class System.Func`2<class Example, string>>(class Expression, class ParameterExpression[])
call class PropertyInfo StaticReflectorExtensions::PropertyInfo<class Example, string>(class IStaticReflector`1<!!0>, class Expression`1<class System.Func`2<!!0, !!1>>)
As you can see, this code doesn’t load the “Description” string, it uses the ldtoken instruction instead. Some bloggers have suggested that this would make it more efficient. Unfortunately, even if the ldtoken instruction is efficient, it is largely offset by the construction of the lambda expression. I ran a little benchmark, in which I compare execution time (in ticks) and memory usage (in generation 0 garbage collection runs) of both approaches, executing each one a million times. This is the result (on my laptop):
Using Reflection Time: 1089308 Collections: 45
Using StaticReflection Time: 13513777 Collections: 264
As you can see, the Static Reflection approach is about 13.5 times slower than the good old dynamic reflection, and it uses a lot more memory. That should be no surprise either: both cases allocate a PropertyInfo object, but the static case also allocates the expression, which is nothing but food for the garbage collector.
So, one approach seems good at compile time, and the other is good at run time. It seems we’re stuck between a rock and a hard place. But the situation isn’t so bad: we have two options to choose from, each with their pro’s and con’s. What the best one is depends on your requirements, and what you value the most: compile time checking (which may result in productivity and maintainability benefits), or performance.
And who knows, maybe there is a third option, giving the best of both worlds. But that’s for next time.